Plant tissue culture is a collective process where plant cells or tissues are grown in a sterile and controlled environment in an artificial setting. Plant tissue culture is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micro propagation, disease elimination, plant improvement etc.
This process has widened the research horizon of plant biology domain where more plants can be grown faster, thus yielding more plants and plant products like fruits, seeds, flowers etc. It is quite important in microbiological studies and also in commercial horticulture.
Producing plants of certain rare species requires controlled temperature and humidity setting, which assist in quick growth of plants. But in the natural environment, it is very difficult to obtain the optimum ambience which is favorable for cell culture and plant growth. It also depends on various other external factors like lighting and climatic conditions etc. which may vary from one geographic region to another.
Plant Tissue Culture is an effective method of reproducing the plants for commercial as well as research-oriented purposes. It also enables the scientists to analyze the growing conditions and specific requirements of each variety of plants at different stages of growth.
Plant tissue culture has a lot of advantage over the traditional methods of propagation so that it is best suited for the fast-paced modern world where all the things are produced within an instant. Artificial culture of plant tissues also eliminates the need for seeds or even the process of pollination.
Plant tissue culture also facilities the regeneration of whole plants from plant cells that have been genetically modified. In some cases, there are low chances of seed germination even after adopting advanced seed germination techniques and also by proper care. Tissue culture comes to rescue in such cases by easy reproduction of plants like orchids and nepenthes.
The success of Plant tissue culture depends on the culture environment which is provided in the best possible manner by laboratory plant growth chambers or environment chambers. Advanced lab equipments meet the requirements like culture vessel, the growth medium, and the external environment including light and temperature etc.
Unless the optimum environment is not provided for plant tissue culture, the cells may not replicate the actual qualities of the original cells or plants. The process is used widely in research-oriented applications and also in large-scale growth of plant cells in liquid culture.
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